The Design of a Nuclear Fallout Shelter During new explosion people hide from radioactivity in nuclear fallout shelters. They are mostly structured as a defense mechanism during wars. Nuclear explosion cause breaking of the atom and hence trigger radioactive decay processes. The radioactive elements released include gamma, beta, and alpha particles. Alpha particles aren’t that dangerous with gamma rays being the most dangerous. It is necessary that the fallout shelter has a good thickness of material that can lower the penetration of nuclear particles by half for 10 times. This is vital in reducing the exposure to health complication associated with radioactivity. The thickness of the nuclear bomb shelter should be adequate to reduce the penetration of the radiation to levels that are safe. The materials that should be used to create this shield include 1cm of lead, 6cm of concrete, 9cm of packed earth, and 150 meters of air. The linings of these materials used to make the shelter should be at least ten times. A trench is usually a fast and expedient built fallout shelter. The beta and gamma rays in particular require some specialized form of protection. The beta particles are a threat when they come close or constant with one’s skin. Since they can cause internal burns, they are also risky when inhaled or swallowed. These beat particles have the ability to attach to one’s clothes. This means that care should be taken so as not to bring them into the shelter. Removing the outerwear before entering the house is a good way to avoid this. Before entering into the safety of the house, one can also undergo the disinfection procedure. Within few weeks after the explosion, the beta particles will cease radioactivity
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The gamma radiation proves to be the worst form of gamma radiation. Gamma rays attach more to shelters than to the wear. Since gamma particles can continue their radioactivity for moths, the people should be cautious. As such, there should be minimal exits from the fallout shelter. Various steps should be undertaken to reduce the gamma particle penetration on the shelter. The content of particles on the roof should be minimized by cleaning the roof and the gutters. It is also good to dig the top soil around the house and mix it with the subsoil. The concentration of gamma particles on the top soil is thus minimized. The effectiveness of this measure is that the gamma particles will have to pass the thick soil layer before attacking anything else above.
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It is also wise to clean the roads near the structure so that all dust and debris be collected and removed. It is also advisable that the shelter be made a distance away from trees to minimize fallout of particles attached to the trees to the shelter.
